Direct and indirect effects of microorganisms on autophagy

Al-Luhaibi Zaid Isam Issa
Direct and indirect effects of microorganisms on autophagy.
Doktori értekezés, Szegedi Tudományegyetem (2000-).
(2022)

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Absztrakt (kivonat) idegen nyelven

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that controls infections both directly and indirectly via its multifaceted effects on the innate and adaptive immune responses. It has been reported that LPS stimulates this cellular process, whereas the effect of IL-36α on autophagy remains largely unknown. We, therefore, investigated how IL-36α modulates the endogenous and LPS-induced autophagy in THP-1 cells. The levels of LC3B-II and autophagic flux were determined by western blotting. The intracellular localization of LC3B was measured by immunofluorescence assay. The activation levels of signaling pathways implicated in autophagy regulation were evaluated by using a phosphokinase array. Our results showed that combined IL-36α and LPS treatment cooperatively increased the levels of LC3B-II and Beclin-1, stimulated the autophagic flux, facilitated intracellular redistribution of LC3B, and increased the average number of autophagosomes per cell. The IL36α/LPS combined treatment increased phosphorylation of STAT5a/b, had minimal effect on the Akt/PRAS40/mTOR pathway, and reduced the levels of phospho-Yes, phospho-FAK, and phospho-WNK1. Thus, this cytokine/PAMP combination triggers pro-autophagic biased signaling by several mechanisms and thus cooperatively stimulates the autophagic cascade. An increased autophagic activity of innate immune cells simultaneously exposed to IL-36α and LPS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacterial infections. SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in esophageal cells and enterocytes, leading to direct damage to the intestinal epithelium. The infection decreases the level of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors, thereby altering the composition of the gut microbiota. SARS-CoV-2 elicits a cytokine storm, which contributes to gastrointestinal inflammation. The direct cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2, gut dysbiosis, and aberrant immune response result in increased intestinal permeability, which may exacerbate existing symptoms and worsen the prognosis. By exploring the elements of pathogenesis, several therapeutic options have emerged for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, such as biologics and biotherapeutic agents. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the feces may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 through fecal-oral transmission and contaminate the environment. Thus, gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection has important epidemiological significance. The development of new therapeutic and preventive options is necessary to treat and restrict the spread of this severe and widespread infection more effectively.

Mű típusa: Disszertáció (Doktori értekezés)
Publikációban használt név: Al-Luhaibi Zaid Isam Issa
Témavezető(k):
Témavezető neve
Beosztás, tudományos fokozat, intézmény
MTMT szerző azonosító
Megyeri Klára
habilitált doktor, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet SZTE / SZAOK
10001466
Szakterület: 01. Természettudományok > 01.06. Biológiai tudományok > 01.06.01. Sejtbiológia, mikrobiológia
01. Természettudományok > 01.06. Biológiai tudományok > 01.06.02. Virológia
03. Orvos- és egészségtudomány > 03.01. Általános orvostudomány > 03.01.04. Immunológia
Doktori iskola: Interdiszciplináris Orvostudományok Doktori Iskola
Tudományterület / tudományág: Orvostudományok > Elméleti orvostudományok
Nyelv: angol
Védés dátuma: 2022. március 04.
EPrint azonosító (ID): 11109
A mű MTMT azonosítója: 32855331
doi: https://doi.org/10.14232/phd.11109
A feltöltés ideje: 2021. dec. 08. 08:02
Utolsó módosítás: 2023. jan. 12. 13:47
Raktári szám: B 7086
URI: https://doktori.bibl.u-szeged.hu/id/eprint/11109
Védés állapota: védett

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